The matrix configuration introduces a dual hierarchy; it incorporates the essential functional and divisional configurations in an organization simultaneously.
The matrix assigns specialists from functional departments to work on one or more interdisciplinary teams that are led by project leaders. Permanent product/project teams are also possible. In sum, the matrix organization combines simultaneously the characteristics of a functional and a divisional organization.

In a two-dimensional matrix, for instance, a dual hierarchy manages the same activity by function and by project. A three dimensional matrix of product, function, and country is common in multinational organizations.

The matrix configuration is applied to a functional configuration when the coordination requirements are so high that the regular functional configuration is ineffective and the interdependencies between products/projects are so numerous that a divisional configuration is not an efficient configuration.
The goal is to obtain functional specialization and efficiency as well as project focus to realize an end objective effectively.